The "Consorzio per l'AREA di Ricerca Scientifica e TEcnologica di Trieste" Trieste manages the coordination of 34 research institutions in the Trieste territory. Therefore, AREA Science Park operates as a territorial innovation system, by means of interventions aimed at facilitating basic and applied research, with the following functions:

• development and management of structures and infrastructures for searching and creating enterprises;
• promotion and development of scientific and industrial clusters;
• coordination of national and international cooperation networks;
• creation and incubation of technologically innovative enterprises;
• management of technology transfer and enhancement of research;
• technical, financial, information and commercial assistance;
• image promotion and communication management;
• training.

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The Consortium for Molecular Biomedicine, whose shareholders are prestigious public research institutions (the AREA of Research Consortium is the major shareholder with a 40% share), enterprises and financial companies, targets the production and marketing of products for diagnostics and medical pharmacology, in the areas of vascular cardiology, neurosciences, oncology, hepatology and regenerative medicine. Particular attention is devoted to the carrying out of industrial research and to pre-competitive development, targeting the market through research spin-off microenterprises. The Consortium managing the District for Molecular Biomedicine intends to be a centre of excellence in its field.

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The Centre for Theoretical and Applied Ecology promotes interdisciplinary studies aimed at safeguarding and protecting the environment and human resources, by carrying out activities of research, applied experimentation and planning in the following sectors: renewable energy sources, water treatment, study of the territory (GIS and remote sensing), territory ecology, microbiology and environmental chemistry (waste disposal and composting, land decontamination, monitoring of emissions in the atmosphere). The results of the scientific and technical activities carried out are dealt with in courses, congresses and monographs.

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The International Research Centre for Mountains is aimed at defining innovative models for the economic, social and environmental development of mountain areas, carrying out technological research on new products, production processes and services for the growth of the mountain territory. For this purpose, the activation of the Laboratory for the enhancement of local agro-food products and of the Laboratory for technological innovation in computer science and telematics for mobile applications addressed to the mountain territory is being completed. The Centre also carries out training activities, at a life-long, graduate and post-graduate level.

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The International Centre for Mechanical Sciences of Udine aims at spreading the state of the art of research in various scientific fields, thus favouring international cooperation among teachers and researchers. For this purpose, it carries out an intense training activity, through international courses and publications. ICMS also devotes itself to enacting innovative research projects, often in cooperation with the regional industrial sector and benefiting from a network of experts connecting the 13 member countries of the Centre.

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The Institute of Structure of Matter of the Italian National Research Council is dedicated to the analysis of matter on an atomic scale and to the synthesis and characterisation of nanostructured systems with functional properties. The Institute uses and develops innovative experimental research methods for the study of electronic, magnetic and chemical properties of materials of fundamental and technological interest. For this purpose, it benefits from the intense synchrotron radiation produced by the Elettra Laboratory of Trieste.

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The Guglielmo Marconi Radioelectric Experimental Centre deals with research and development in the telecommunication sector, particularly, operating in the fields of developed decoding systems (to improve the reliability of radio communications), analysis of videoconference and remote training applications, terrestrial and satellite transmission. In the above-mentioned fields, the Centre also carries out training activity.

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The Oncologic Reference Centre of the Italian National Institute for Cancer, carries out clinical and experimental activities, articulated in six research lines aimed at improving knowledge of aetiology and biology of malignant tumours and identifying new ways of prevention, diagnosis and therapy. It promotes and carries out initiatives targeted to diffusion of acquired knowledge and to prevention. It also performs theoretical and practical teaching activities in a view of life-long training in oncology.

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The Liver Studies Centre of the Fund for the Study of Liver Diseases is a non-profit organisation performing basic and clinical research activities, with particular reference to the molecular bases of liver physiology, molecular mechanisms of liver carcinoma and molecular mechanisms of liver, kidney and intestine transportation. The Centre also carries out educational activities, in cooperation with the University of Trieste and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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The Euromediterranean Institute promotes and organises training, study and research activities in the field of economic and social relations between Europe and the Mediterranean area, as well as initiatives regarding cooperation among Mediterranean countries, human rights and humanitarian protection. The participation to the Dialogues Project for the realisation of a network of relations between Israeli and Palestinian universities is particularly worth mentioning. The Institute organises annual seminars on the rights of European citizens and on economic and social development brought by European integration, as well as other training occasions.

The institutional purpose of the Carlo and Dirce Callerio Non-Profit Foundation is to perform biology studies, with particular regard to aetiology of diseases, immunology, pharmacology and chemotherapy. In particular, studies have been started regarding microcapsules for oral administration of vaccines in the zootechnical field and of drugs for human use and regarding the pharmacological characterisation of membrane and extra-cellular targets for controlling neoplastic growth.

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The Trieste International Foundation for Progress and Freedom of Sciences is aimed at promoting and favouring the progress and the diffusion of sciences and of their pacific applications, supporting national and international scientific and technological activities and initiatives of university and research institutions and favouring relations with similar institutions in Italy and worldwide, with particular attention to emerging countries. For this purpose, the Foundation supports scientific education and divulgation programmes, both locally and in some developing countries.

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The main objective of Friuli Innovation Consortium is to favour the transfer of technical and scientific knowledge developed within the University of Udine and the related research centres to enterprises, and to inform universities about innovation needs coming from the world of production. Presently, competence centres for environmental control and for ICT have been started. The Consortium also performs the task of managing the Scientific and Technological Park of Udine, which will stand as a tool for the enhancement and transfer of research results and an incubator for research spin-off enterprises.

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The International Centre for Science and High Technology deals with the transfer of scientific knowledge and technologies to developing countries and countries undergoing economic transition, promoting a sustainable industrial approach. ICS is active in several fields: modernisation and optimisation of industries, management of coasts and territories, water resources, reclamation technologies, use of energy, telecommunications, biodegradable plastics, elaboration of medicines through molecular models. Moreover, the Centre performs an intense training activity, by means of courses and seminars.

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The National Institute for the Physics of Matter manages, in Trieste, the “Democritos” National Numeric Information Centre, which carries out research for the development of methods for numeric modelling of matter to the nanoscale and their application for simulation.

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The Italian National Institute for the Physics of Matter manages, in Trieste, the National TASC (Advanced Technologies and Nanoscience) Laboratory, which carries out research activities in science of matter, and the “Democritos” National Numeric Information Centre, which performs research in numeric simulation of matter to the nanoscale. The Institute also performs activities of advanced scientific education and training and technological transfer.

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The Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics is a research and educational institution aiming at promoting, coordinating and carrying out basic scientific research in the fields of subnuclear, nuclear and astroparticle physics. Research aims at innovating devices, materials, techniques and processes for experimental activities and at creating useful technologies and tools for transfer to specific fields such as, for example, medicine.

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The “Burlo Garofolo” Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Healthcare represents a centre of excellence for research in the field of biomedicine and in organisation and management of healthcare services. It also offers highly specialized hospitalization and healthcare services in the paediatric and maternal fields. Research is articulated along the following lines: maternal-foetal medicine, neonatology, chronic diseases and tumours arising in paediatric age, paediatric surgery and rehabilitation sciences, neurosciences of childhood age, diagnosis and care of infectious diseases and chronic-degenerative diseases in the maternal-paediatric area.

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“Eugenio Medea” IRCCS develops its research activity in the field of neurosciences, by means of neurogenetic and bioengineering methods, with specific reference to neurological and neuropsychic pathologies of childhood age and to the study of new strategies in the field of neurorehabilitation and prevention of physical, psychic and sensorial disabilities, mainly in childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, it organises national and international study days, seminars and conventions, as well as training events open to professionals of the sector.

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The Institute of Study and Documentation on the European Community and Eastern Europe performs research concerning economic and social facts in the Danube and Balkan areas and in some European Union activity sectors that are particularly interesting for Italy and the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. Besides studying political scenarios with reference to countries in transition and to the enlargement of the Union towards Eastern Europe, it examines the development of communication routes between Italy and Central-Eastern and Southern-Eastern Europe and the perspective of cooperation among coastal countries.

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The International Institute of Sociology of Gorizia carries out studies and research with regard to relations among states, nations and ethnic groups, and on cultural, social and economic development of populations. The research activity is developed within six Departments: International Sociology; Mass Emergencies; Technologies and Future; Space, Environment and Society; Economy, Organisations and Social Policies; Laboratory of Theory, Method and Instruments. The Institute performs an intense training activity, both for post-graduate students (master and Ph.D.) and for professionals, who are interested in specialisation courses on the enterprise internationalisation.

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The Marine Biology Laboratory carries out basic and applied research, ranging from biologic oceanography to marine biology, from the planktonic to the deep system, from the coastal to the polar environment. The Laboratory cooperates with national and international institutions and is involved in several projects in the Adriatic sea, in the Tyrrhenian sea and in Antarctica. It also performs teaching activities and activities of diffusion of a naturalistic education in the field of marine biology.

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The National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics performs the task of carrying out, promoting and coordinating, also in cooperation with other national and international institutions, research and studies addressing geophysical and environmental disciplines, identification of mineral and energetic resources, interactions between sea-ocean environment and atmosphere-lithosphere, earthquake phenomena. Furthermore, the Institute develops techniques of acquisition, processing and interpretation of geophysical data. It therefore stands out as a national database for oceanography and experimental geophysics.

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The Astronomical Observatory of Trieste, belonging to the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics, performs activities in basic astronomical research and astronomical technologies. In this second field, the Observatory follows the realisation of a control software for telescopes and focal plane instruments and the management of astronomical data obtained both from the Earth and from the space. The Observatory is involved in several international projects and promotes knowledge of astronomy in schools and in the society.

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The Trieste International Foundation for Progress and Freedom of Sciences is a non-profit organisation aimed at promoting and favouring the progress and diffusion of sciences and their pacific applications, supporting national and international scientific and technological activities and initiatives of university and research institutions and favouring relations with similar institutions in Italy and worldwide, with particular attention to emerging countries. For this purpose, the Foundation supports scientific education and divulgation programmes, both locally and in some developing countries.

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The International School for Advanced Studies, based in Trieste, performs high-level research activities in eight independent sectors: functional analysis and applications, astrophysics, neurobiology, mathematical physics, statistical and biological physics, cognitive neurosciences, elementary particles, computational theory and physics of condensed states. It manages several tools for the diffusion of scientific knowledge, among which Ulisse, an instrument promoting communication between scientists and the society through the Internet. The School offers the Ph.D. title through particularly demanding intensive courses, at the end of which students are employed in Italian or foreign institutions.

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Sincrotrone Trieste ScpA (Trieste Synchrotron) manages the Elettra synchrotron light laboratory. The Laboratory, located in Basovizza within AREA Science Park, has a cutting-edge position in the field of basic research in several scientific sectors: structural biology, micro and nanotechnologies, magnetic materials, surface sciences. The Company also promotes programmes for technological research applied to related sectors.

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TWAS aims at supporting scientific research for a sustainable economic and social development of the Third World, improving the conditions in which researchers coming from the South of the world operate, updating infrastructures in research centres and trying to stop the "brain drain” from developing countries. TWAS hosts the headquarters of the Third World Network of Scientific Organizations, the Third World Organization for Women in Science and the Inter-Academy Panel of International Issues. TWAS contributed to their establishment.

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The Jozef Stefan Institute (JSI) is the main Slovenian research organisation. It has provided specialization to more than 500 researchers in 50 years, in physics, chemistry and biochemistry, electronics and information science, nuclear technology, environmental and energy sciences. Beside research of excellence, the activity of technological transfer has always represented one of the strengths of the Institute, which has run a Technology Transfer Office, coordinated by the Innovation Relay Centre Slovenia, since 1994. It is based in Ljubljana, but deals with the whole of Slovenia.

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